Kalor Lebur dan Uap

Jenis Benda	Titik lebur		Kalor lebur (L)		Titik didih		Kalor Uap (U)
	oC	K	kJ/kg = J/g	kkal/kg = kal/g	oC	K	kJ/kg = J/g	kkal/kg = kal/g
Air	0	273.15	334	79.5	100	373.15	2,256	539
Amonia	-77.8	195.35	33	8	-33.4	239.75	137	33
Besi	1,808	2,081.15	289	69.1	2,660	3,296.15	6,340	1,520
Emas	1,063	1,336.15	64.5	15.5	3,023	2,933	1,578	378.7
Etanol	-114	159	104.2	239.75	78	351.15	850	204
Helium	-	-	-	-	-268.93	4.13	20.9	5
Hidrogen	-259.31	13.84	58.6	14.1	-252.89	20.26	452	108.5
Nitrogen	-210	63.18	14	3.3	-183	90.15	210	51
Oksigen	-218.79	54.36	26	6.2	-195.8	77.38	200	48
Perak	960.8	1,233.95	88.3	21.2	2,193	2,466	2,336	560.6
Raksa	-39	234	11.8	2.8	357	630	272	65.3
Sulfur	119	392	38.1	9.1	444.6	717.15	326	78.2
Tembaga	1,083	1,356	134	32.2	1,187	1,460	5,069	1,216.6
Timbal	327.3	600.5	24.5	5.9	1,750	2,023	871	209

Kalor Jenis

Jenis Benda	Kalor Jenis (c)
	J/kgoC	kal/kgoC
Air	4,200	1,000
Alkohol (ethyl)	2,400	570
Es	2,100	500
Kayu	1,700	400
Aluminium	900	220
Marmer	860	210
Kaca	840	200
Besi / Baja	450	110
Tembaga	390	93
Perak	230	56
Raksa	140	34
Timah Hitam	130	31
Emas	130	35

Tenses

(Active)

·      Past Tense

o  Simple Past Tense

(+)  S + V₂ + O

( - ) S + did not + V₁ + O

( ? ) Did + S + V₁ + O ?

o  Past Continous Tense

(+)  S + was/were + Ving + O

( - ) S + was/were not + Ving + O

( ? ) Was/were + S + Ving + O ?

o  Past Perfect Tense

(+)  S + had + V₃ + O

( - ) S + had not + V₃ + O

( ? ) Had + S + V₃ + O ?

o  Past Perfect Continous Tense

(+)  S + had been + Ving + O

( - ) S + had not been + Ving + O

( ? ) Had + S + been + Ving + O ?

·      Present Tense

o  Simple Present Tense

(+)  S + V₁ + O

( - ) S + do/does not + V₁ + O

( ? ) Do/does + S + V₁ + O ?

o  Present Continous Tense

(+)  S + to be + Ving + O

( - ) S + to be not + Ving + O

( ? ) To be + S + Ving + O ?

o  Present Perfect Tense

(+)  S + has/have + V₃ + O

( - ) S + has/have not + V₃ + O

( ? ) Has/have + S + V₃ + O ?

o  Present Perfect Continous Tense

(+)  S + has/have been + Ving + O

( - ) S + has/have not been + Ving + O

( ? ) Has/have + S + been + Ving + O ?

·      Future Tense

o  Simple Future Tense

(+)  S + shall/will + V₁ + O

( - ) S + shall/will not + V₁ + O

( ? ) Shall/will + S + V₁ + O ?

(+) S + to be + going to + V₁ + O

( - ) S + to be not + going to + V₁ + O

( ? ) To be + S + going to + V₁ + O ?

o  Future Continous Tense

(+)  S + shall/will be + Ving + O

( - ) S + shall/will be not + Ving + O

( ? ) Shall/will + S + be + Ving + O ?

o  Future Perfect Tense

(+)  S + shall/will + has/have + V₃ + O

( - ) S + shall/will + not + has/have + V₃ + O

( ? ) Shall/will + S + has/have + V₃ + O ?

o  Future Perfect Continous Tense

(+)  S + shall/will + has/have been + Ving + O

( - ) S + shall/will + not + has/have been + Ving + O

( ? ) Shall/will + S + has/have been + Ving + O ?

·      Past Future Tense

o  Simple Past Future Tense

(+)  S + should/would + V₁ + O

( - ) S + should/would not + V₁ + O

( ? ) Should/would + S + V₁ + O ?

o  Past Future Continous Tense

(+)  S + should/would be + Ving + O

( - ) S + should/would not be + Ving + O

( ? ) Should/would + S + be + Ving + O ?

o  Past Future Perfect Tense

(+)  S + should/would + has/have + V₃ + O

( - ) S + should/would not + has/have + V₃ + O

( ? ) Should/would + S + has/have + V₃ + O ?

o  Past Future Perfect Continous Tense

(+)  S + should/would + has/have been + Ving + O

( - ) S + should/would + not + has/have been + Ving + O

( ? ) Should/would + S + has/have been + Ving + O ?

(Passive)

·      Past Tense

o  Simple Past Tense

(+)  O + was/were + V₃ + S

( - ) O + was/were not + V₃ + S

( ? ) Was/were + O + V₃ + S ?

o  Past Continous Tense

(+)  O + was/were + being + V₃ + S

( - ) O + was/were + being not + V₃ + S

( ? ) Was/were + being + O + V₃ + S ?

o  Past Perfect Tense =

(+)  O + had been + V₃ + S

( - ) O + had not been + V₃ + S

( ? ) Had + O + been + V₃ + S ?

·      Present Tense

o  Simple Present Tense

(+)  O + to be + V₃ + S

( - ) O + to be not + V₃ + S

( ? ) To be + O + V₃ + S ?

o  Present Continous Tense

(+)  O + to be + being + V₃ + S

( - ) O + to be not being + V₃ + S

( ? ) To be + O + being + V₃ + S ?

o  Present Perfect Tense

(+)  O + has/have been + V₃ + S

( - ) O + has/have not been + V₃ + S

( ? ) Has/have + O + been + V₃ + S ?

·      Future Tense

o  Simple Future Tense

(+)  O + shall/will be + V₃ + S

( - ) O + shall/will not be + V₃ + S

( ? ) Shall/will + O + be + V₃ + S ?

(+)  O + to be + being + gone to + V₁ + S

( - ) O + to be not + being + gone to + V₁ + S

( ? ) To be + O + being + gone to + V₁ + S ?

o  Future Continous Tense

(+)  O + shall/will be being + V₃ + S

( - ) O + shall/will be not being + V₃ + S

( ? ) Shall/will + O + be + being + V₃ + S ?

o  Future Perfect Tense

(+)  O + shall/will + has/have been + V₃ + S

( - ) O + shall/will + not + has/have been + V₃ + S

( ? ) Shall/will + O + has/have been + V₃ + S ?

·      Past Future Tense

o  Simple Past Future Tense

(+)  O + should/would be + V₃ + S

( - ) O + should/would not be + V₃ + S

( ? ) Should/would + O + be + V₃ + S ?

o  Past Future Continous Tense

(+)  O + should/would be being + V₃ + S

( - ) O + should/would not be being + V₃ + S

( ? ) Should/would + O + be being + V₃ + S ?

o  Past Future Perfect Tense

(+)  O + should/would + has/have been + V₃ + S

( - ) O + should/would not + has/have been + V₃ + S

( ? ) Should/would + O + has/have been + V₃ + S ?

*NB : Perfect Continous Tense on Passive are disappear because they are rarely used